Frederick Russell Burnham: Forskelle mellem versioner
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Han er militært mest kendt for sin indsats i [[Anden Boerkrig]], Den første Matabelekrig, og Den anden Matabelekrig. | Han er militært mest kendt for sin indsats i [[Anden Boerkrig]], Den første Matabelekrig, og Den anden Matabelekrig. | ||
== "Father of Scouting" == | |||
[[File:Bp burnham ca1910.jpg|thumb|Burnham ( | <!--[[File:Bp burnham ca1910.jpg|thumb|Burnham (stående) & Baden-Powell (til højre) ved en begivenhed for drengespejdere, ca. 1910.]]--> | ||
Burnham var allerede en anerkendt spejder, da han første gang mødte Baden-Powell i den anden Matabelekrig. Deres baggrund var så forskellige som man kunne forestille sig: I sin barndom i et indianerreservat i Minnesota var Burnhams tidligste legekammerater indianerdrenge fra Sioux-stammen, og de stræbte mod at udmærke sig i sporingens kunst og tradition, og sammen drømte de om at blive store stifindere. Da Burnham var teenager, ernærede han sig ved at jage vildt og | Burnham var allerede en anerkendt spejder, da han første gang mødte Baden-Powell i den anden Matabelekrig. Deres baggrund var så forskellige som man kunne forestille sig: I sin barndom i et indianerreservat i Minnesota var Burnhams tidligste legekammerater indianerdrenge fra Sioux-stammen, og de stræbte mod at udmærke sig i sporingens kunst og tradition, og sammen drømte de om at blive store stifindere. | ||
<!--Da Burnham var teenager, ernærede han sig ved at jage vildt og | |||
and making long rides for Western Union through the California deserts, his early mentors were wise old scouts of the American West, and by nineteen he was a seasoned scout chasing and being chased by Apache.{{sfn|West|1932|p=138}} The British scout he would later befriend and serve with in Matabeleland, Baden-Powell, was born in urban London and had graduated from Charterhouse, one of its most famous preparatory schools.{{sfn|West|1932|p=138}} At nineteen, Baden-Powell passed an exam that gave him an immediate commission in the Army, only it would take several years before he was engaged in any active service.{{sfn|West|1932|p=138}} Even so, from a young age Baden-Powell developed the ambition to become a scout and when these two men met in 1896, Baden-Powell was an Army intelligence officer and a brilliant outdoorsman who had previously organized a small scouting section in his regiment, had written his book ''Reconnaissance and Scouting'', and had served in India, Afghanistan, Natal, and Ashanti, and Burnham was Gen. Carrington's Chief of Scouts.{{sfn|West|1932|p=142}} | and making long rides for Western Union through the California deserts, his early mentors were wise old scouts of the American West, and by nineteen he was a seasoned scout chasing and being chased by Apache.{{sfn|West|1932|p=138}} The British scout he would later befriend and serve with in Matabeleland, Baden-Powell, was born in urban London and had graduated from Charterhouse, one of its most famous preparatory schools.{{sfn|West|1932|p=138}} At nineteen, Baden-Powell passed an exam that gave him an immediate commission in the Army, only it would take several years before he was engaged in any active service.{{sfn|West|1932|p=138}} Even so, from a young age Baden-Powell developed the ambition to become a scout and when these two men met in 1896, Baden-Powell was an Army intelligence officer and a brilliant outdoorsman who had previously organized a small scouting section in his regiment, had written his book ''Reconnaissance and Scouting'', and had served in India, Afghanistan, Natal, and Ashanti, and Burnham was Gen. Carrington's Chief of Scouts.{{sfn|West|1932|p=142}} | ||
Versionen fra 23. aug. 2013, 21:15
Frederick Russell Burnham (11. maj 1861 – 1. september 1947) var en spejder i det amerikanske militær, og kendt for sin indsats for den engelske hær i kolonierne i Afrika samt for at inspirere Robert Baden-Powell til at etablere den internationale spejderbevægelse.
Han er militært mest kendt for sin indsats i Anden Boerkrig, Den første Matabelekrig, og Den anden Matabelekrig.
"Father of Scouting"
Burnham var allerede en anerkendt spejder, da han første gang mødte Baden-Powell i den anden Matabelekrig. Deres baggrund var så forskellige som man kunne forestille sig: I sin barndom i et indianerreservat i Minnesota var Burnhams tidligste legekammerater indianerdrenge fra Sioux-stammen, og de stræbte mod at udmærke sig i sporingens kunst og tradition, og sammen drømte de om at blive store stifindere.
Medaljer og dekorationer
- 1893 – British South Africa Company Medal – Storbritanien.
- 1900 – Distinguished Service Order (DSO) – Storbritanien.
- 1900 – Queen's South Africa Medal – Storbritanien.
- 1927 – Honorary Scout – Spejderbevægelsen, USA.
- 1936 – Silver Buffalo Award – Spejderbevægelsen, USA.
- 1951 – Mount Burnham – Californien, USA.
Vigtige værker
Et lille udpluk af bibliografien:
- Scouting on Two Continents. (1926)
- Fra Alaska Til Kap: Pionerliv i Amerikas minelejre og på Sydafrikas højsletter (1929)
- Scouting Against the Apache. The Boy Scout's Book of True Adventure, Fourteen Honorary Scouts, with foreword by Theodore Roosevelt and biographical notes by James E. West. (1931)
- Taps for the Great Selous. Hunting Trails on Three Continents, Grinnell, George Bird, Kermit Roosevelt, W. Redmond Cross, and Prentiss N. Gray (1933)
- Taking Chances. (1944)
Bøger – udvalgte titler
- Real Soldiers of Fortune. Richard Harding Davis. (1906)
- The Boys' Own Book of Adventurers. Albert Britt. (1923)
- Folks Ushud Know; Interspersed with Songs of Courage. Lee Shippey (1930)
- He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the boys' story of Frederick Burnham, the American scout. James E. West; illustrated: Robert Baden-Powell (1932)
- Major Burnham of the Shangani Patrol. J. P. Lott, Rhodesiana Magazine (September 1976)
- Major F. R. Burnham, D.S.O. J. P. Lott, Rhodesiana Magazine, #36. (Martz 1977)
- An American family on the African frontier: the Burnham family letters, 1893-1896. Mary y Richard Bradford. (1993)
- Burnham: King of Scouts.Peter van Wyk. ISBN 1-4120-0901-4. (2003)