Frederick Russell Burnham: Forskelle mellem versioner

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Den anden Matabelekrig blev udkæmpet mellem nybyggerne (i Afrika kaldet ''settlers'') og Matabelefolket (nuværende Ndebelefolk) i det område, der i dag hedder Zimbabwe. Under belejringen af Bulawayo, den største by i området, red de to mænd ofte i Matobo-bakkerne, og det var her at Burnham først introducerede B-P til indianernes livsstil og teknikker, og lærte ham ''woodcraft'', det man nok bedst kan oversætte til det, vi kender som spejderfærdigheder. B-P havde allerede skrevet en del om rekognoscering og sporing set fra en militær vinkel, men Burnham lærte ham mange nye aspekter, deriblandt om, hvordan man rejser i vildmarken uden kort og kompas, hvordan man opdager fare ved at iagttage dyrene, og de mange måder man kan finde drikkevand på.
Den anden Matabelekrig blev udkæmpet mellem nybyggerne (i Afrika kaldet ''settlers'') og Matabelefolket (nuværende Ndebelefolk) i det område, der i dag hedder Zimbabwe. Under belejringen af Bulawayo, den største by i området, red de to mænd ofte i Matobo-bakkerne, og det var her at Burnham først introducerede B-P til indianernes livsstil og teknikker, og lærte ham ''woodcraft'', det man nok bedst kan oversætte til det, vi kender som spejderfærdigheder. B-P havde allerede skrevet en del om rekognoscering og sporing set fra en militær vinkel, men Burnham lærte ham mange nye aspekter, deriblandt om, hvordan man rejser i vildmarken uden kort og kompas, hvordan man opdager fare ved at iagttage dyrene, og de mange måder man kan finde drikkevand på.


B-P var så imponeret af Burnhams viden og praktiske kunnen, at han gerne nævnte ham som den mentor, han havde presset al viden ud af. Det var også i denne tid at B-P begyndte at bære sit senere kendetegn, Stetsons ''campaign hat'', som Burnham brugte. Vi kender den idag som spejderhatten, men også fra sergenterne i flere dele af USA's militær, samt de rødjakkede betjente i Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Bege mænd erkendte at krig som begreb var under stærk forandring og at den britiske hær burde tilpasse sig, så under deres rekognosceringsmissioner diskuterede de koncepterne for et bredt uddannelsesprogram i spejderfærdigheder for de unge soldater, hvor de skulle lære at spore og efterforske, få færdigheder i feltlivet og blive selvhjulpne i vildmarken - altsammen kundskaber, der ikke var nogen spejder, der besad bedre end Burnham i hele Afrika.






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So impressed was Baden-Powell by Burnham's Scouting spirit that he fondly told people he "sucked him dry" of all he could possibly tell.{{sfn|Anglo Boer War Museum|2007}} It was also here that Baden-Powell began to wear his signature [[Stetson]] [[campaign hat]] and [[neckerchief]], like those worn by Burnham, for the first time.{{sfn|Jeal|1989|p=188}} Both men recognized that wars were changing markedly and the British Army needed to adapt; so during their joint scouting missions, Baden-Powell and Burnham discussed the concept of a broad training program in woodcraft for young men, rich in exploration, [[Tracking (Scouting)|tracking]], [[fieldcraft]], and self-reliance. In Africa, no scout embodied these traits more than Burnham.{{sfn|Prichard|1919|pp=191–193}} In his first scouting handbook, ''Aids to Scouting'', Baden-Powell published many of the lessons he learned from Burnham and this book was later used by boys' groups as a guide to outdoor fun.{{sfn|Arrow|2013}} At the urging of several youth leaders, Baden-Powell decided to adapt his scouting handbook specifically to training boys.{{sfn|Peterson|2004}} While Baden-Powell went on to refine the concept of Scouting, publish ''[[Scouting for Boys]]'', and become the founder of the international Scouting movement, Burnham has been called the movement's father.{{sfn|1st Lacock Scout Group|2013}}{{sfn|Forster|2007}} [[James E. West (Scouting)|James E. West]], [[Chief Scout Executive]] for the Boy Scouts of America, summarized Burnham's relevance to Scouting thusly: ''There is an especial significance for those of us in Scouting in this man's list, for he was engaged for this work by Lord Baden Powell, who was then connected with the British Army in Africa, and who had unbounded admiration for the scouting methods of Frederick Burnham. So these two pioneers, each of whom was to have such immeasurable influence in restoring the old traditions of American youth, met in Africa, years before the Scouting movement was ever thought of.''{{sfn|West|1935|p=146}}
In his first scouting handbook, ''Aids to Scouting'', Baden-Powell published many of the lessons he learned from Burnham and this book was later used by boys' groups as a guide to outdoor fun.{{sfn|Arrow|2013}} At the urging of several youth leaders, Baden-Powell decided to adapt his scouting handbook specifically to training boys.{{sfn|Peterson|2004}} While Baden-Powell went on to refine the concept of Scouting, publish ''[[Scouting for Boys]]'', and become the founder of the international Scouting movement, Burnham has been called the movement's father.{{sfn|1st Lacock Scout Group|2013}}{{sfn|Forster|2007}} [[James E. West (Scouting)|James E. West]], [[Chief Scout Executive]] for the Boy Scouts of America, summarized Burnham's relevance to Scouting thusly: ''There is an especial significance for those of us in Scouting in this man's list, for he was engaged for this work by Lord Baden Powell, who was then connected with the British Army in Africa, and who had unbounded admiration for the scouting methods of Frederick Burnham. So these two pioneers, each of whom was to have such immeasurable influence in restoring the old traditions of American youth, met in Africa, years before the Scouting movement was ever thought of.''{{sfn|West|1935|p=146}}


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